JanetDocs is a community documentation site for the Janet programming language

(defmacro timeit [& body]
    # generate unique symbols to use in the macro so they can't conflict with anything used in `body`
    (with-syms [$t0 $t1]
        ~(do
            (def $t0 (os/clock :monotonic :double))
            (do ,;body)
            (def $t1 (os/clock :monotonic :double))
            (- $t1 $t0))))

(def time-taken (timeit (os/sleep 0.5)))
(printf "Took %.3f seconds" time-taken)

(first [])  # => nil
(first "abc")  # => 97

(def arr (array :a [:b :c] :d))
# => @[:a (:b :c) :d]
(0 arr)
# => :a
(1 arr)
# => (:b :c)

# out-of-bounds access causes an error
(try
  (3 arr)
  ([err] err))
# => "expected integer key for array in range [0, 3), got 3"

# you may use `get` to avoid the error
(get arr 3)
# => nil

(= math/-inf (- math/-inf 1))
# =>
true

# wrap short-fn / | 
(-> 10
    (|(/ $ 2)))
# =>
5

# also wrap fn
(-> 10
    ((fn [n] (/ n 2))))
# =>
5

# wrap short-fn / | 
(->> 10
     (|(/ $ 2)))
# =>
5

# also wrap fn
(->> 10
     ((fn [n] (/ n 2))))
# =>
5

(math/acos 0.3)
1.2661036727795

 new Math.seedrandom('hello.');

Math. Seedrandom(3206)

# Contrived example returning the variadic arguments passed in.
(defmacro example-macro [& args] ~(tuple ,;args))

(example-macro 1 2 3) # => (1 2 3)
(def args [1 2 3])

# `apply` is for functions, but there's always `eval`.
(assert (= (example-macro 1 2 3)
           (eval ~(example-macro ,;args))))

# Contrived examples returning the variadic arguments passed in.
(defn example-function [& args] args)
(defmacro example-macro [& args] ~(tuple ,;args))

(macex '(example-macro 1 2 3))

(assert (= (example-function 1 2 3)
           (example-macro 1 2 3)))

(def args [1 2 3])

# `apply` is for functions, but there's always `eval`.
(assert (= (apply example-function args)
           (eval ~(example-macro ,;args))))

# Same return for both.
# => (1 2 3)

(defmacro inner [x] ~(do [,x (* ,x ,x)]))
(defmacro outer [n] (map |~(inner ,$0) (range n)))

# Hints:
#
# * Quote the argument.
# * Because it's quoted, the argument can have undefined symbols.
# * Compare the result of `macex` with `macex1`.
# * If needed, print the result with `pp`.
#
(macex '(outer 10))

# `parse` can decode arbitrary JDN (Janet Data Notation) encoded by `string/format`

(def encoded (string/format "%j" @{:a 123 :b "foo" :c @{1 [1.2 2.3 3.4]}}))
# => "@{:a 123 :b \"foo\" :c @{1 @[1.2 2.2999999999999998 3.3999999999999999]}}"

(parse encoded)
# => @{:a 123 :b "foo" :c @{1 @[1.2 2.3 3.4]}}

(ffi/context "/usr/lib64/libSDL2.so")

(ffi/defbind SDL_CreateWindow :ptr
    [title :string
     x :int
     y :int
     w :int
     h :int
     flags :uint32])

(ffi/defbind SDL_Delay :void [ms :uint32])
(ffi/defbind SDL_DestroyWindow :void [window :ptr])
(ffi/defbind SDL_Quit :void [])
(def SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN 0x00000004)

(defn main [&]
  (def window (SDL_CreateWindow "Hello world!" 0 0 640 480 SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN))
  (SDL_Delay 4000)
  (SDL_DestroyWindow window)
  (SDL_Quit))

(print "You are using janet version " janet/version)

(def [pipe-r pipe-w] (os/pipe))

(ev/spawn
  # write to the pipe in a separate fiber
  (for i 0 32000
    (def str (string "Hello Janet " i "\n"))
    (:write pipe-w str))
  (:close pipe-w))

(forever
  (def text (:read pipe-r 4096))
  (when (nil? text) (break))
  (pp text))

# read a series of strings from the pipe in parallel
# to writing to the other side, to avoid the program
# from hanging if the pipe is "full"
#
# see https://github.com/janet-lang/janet/issues/1265

(def [stdin-r stdin-w] (os/pipe))
(def [stdout-r stdout-w] (os/pipe))

# write the input that will be sent to sed
(:write stdin-w "hello world 1\nhello world 2")
(:close stdin-w)

(os/execute
  @("sed" "s|world|janet|g")
  :px
  # the program reads from :in and writes to :out
  {:in stdin-r :out stdout-w})

(:read stdout-r math/int32-max)
# => @"hello janet 1\nhello janet 2"

# feed two lines to sed, which replaces "world"
# with "janet", and read the modified results back

(def [pipe-r pipe-w] (os/pipe))
(:write pipe-w "hello")
(:read pipe-r 5)
# => @"hello"

# send the string "hello" into the writable stream
# part and read it back from the readable one

(->> (range 10) (map (fn [arg] (* arg arg))))

# => @[0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81]

(map (fn [arg] (* arg arg)) (range 10))

# => @[0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81]

(def conn-chan (ev/thread-chan 1000))

(defn producer [no]
  (forever
    (ev/sleep 5)
    (print "Adding data from producer num:" no)
    (ev/give conn-chan (math/random))))

(defn consumer [no]
  (forever
    (ev/sleep 0.5)
    (def num (ev/take conn-chan))
    (print num ": Printing from consumer:" no)))

(defn main [& args]
  (ev/spawn-thread (producer 1))
  (ev/spawn-thread (consumer 1))
  (ev/spawn-thread (consumer 2))
  (ev/sleep 20)
  (print "exiting"))

# will recursively flatten all indexed-like values
(flatten [1 @[2 [3]] [@[4] 5]])
# => @[1 2 3 4 5]

# only applies to indexed values, other values are untouched
(flatten ["a" :b [:c :d] :e "f"])

# be careful: dictionaries are considered indexed since they define next
(flatten {:a :b})

# however, this only applies to the top value, otherwise it remains untouched
(flatten [{:a :b} {:c :d}])

# if you want only "one cycle of flatten", you want reduce
(reduce array/concat @[] (pairs {:a [:b :c] :d [:e [:f]]}))
# => @[:d (:e (:f)) :a (:b :c)]

# use (dyn :args) to get the value of dynamic binding *args*
(let [args (dyn :args)]
  (if (= "-h" (get args 1))
    (print "Usage: janet args.janet [-h] ARGS..")
    (printf "command line arguments:\n %q" args)))

# Run this in a file.
# Notice how each thread gets its own copy of the environment,
# including the global 'counter' variable.

(var counter 0)
(defn start-thread [name sleep]
  (def chan (ev/thread-chan))
  (ev/spawn-thread
    (repeat 10
      (ev/sleep sleep)
      (++ counter)
      (print name " counter is " counter))
    (print name " has finished")
    (ev/give chan "done"))
  chan)

# Spawn two threads that increment counter
(def chan-a (start-thread "Slow thread" 0.8))
(def chan-b (start-thread "Fast thread" 0.45))

# Wait for both threads to finish
(ev/take chan-a)
(ev/take chan-b)
(print "Global counter is still " counter)

(tabseq [i :in (range 97 100)]
  i (string/from-bytes i))
# =>
@{97 "a"
  98 "b"
  99 "c"}

(var abc 123)
(= 356 (with-vars [abc 456] (- abc 100)))

(def channel (ev/chan))

(ev/spawn
 (do
   (for i 0 10
     (ev/give channel (math/random))
     (ev/sleep 0.25))
   (ev/chan-close channel)))

(defn consumer [name delay]
  (loop [item :iterate (ev/take channel)]
    (match item
      [:close _] nil
      v (print name " got " v))))

(ev/call consumer "bob" 1)
(ev/call consumer "alice" 3)

(map tuple ["a" "b" "c" "d"] [1 2 3 4] "abcd")

# => @[("a" 1 97) ("b" 2 98) ("c" 3 99) ("d" 4 100)]

# absolute value of negatives, ignore positives
(keep |(if (< $ 0) (- $) nil) [-1 2 -3 -4 -5 6]) # -> @[1 3 4 5]

# halves each even number, ignores odds
(keep |(when (even? $) (/ $ 2)) [1 2 8 7 -2])    # -> @[1 4 -1]

(defn get-time-str []
  (let [{:hours h :minutes m :seconds s} (os/date)]
    (string h ":" m ":" s)))

(get-time-str) => "23:18:16"